Publication Ethics

 
 
Standards of Scholarly Integrity

Publication Ethics

Anatomy and Histology Journal of Indonesia (ANHJALI) is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards in all aspects of scientific publication. These guidelines apply to all parties involved — publishers, editors, reviewers, and authors — and are grounded in internationally recognized ethical frameworks.

COPE ICMJE Declaration of Helsinki CIOMS ARRIVE 2.0 WAME AI Disclosure Policy
1. Overview & Governing Principles

ANHJALI adopts the publication ethics guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to handle all aspects of publication integrity, including cases of research and publication misconduct. COPE flowcharts are used as a reference for all disputed cases.

All research involving human subjects and/or animals must respect the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and comply with the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research (CIOMS). A statement confirming ethical approval must be included at the beginning of the Methods section of all applicable manuscripts.

COPE Code of Conduct ICMJE Recommendations 2024 Declaration of Helsinki 2024 CIOMS Guidelines ARRIVE 2.0 WAME Recommendations KEPK Indonesia Double-Blind Peer Review
2. Research Ethics — Human & Animal Studies
 
Human Subjects Research

All research involving human participants must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki (WMA, amended 2024) and applicable national ethical standards. Authors must:

State that written informed consent was obtained from all participants
Include ethical approval number and issuing committee (KEPK or equivalent) in the Methods section
De-identify all personal data (names, photographs, pedigrees) unless explicit written consent for identification is obtained
State consent for cadaveric material or tissue use, including storage and secondary analysis
 
Animal Research — ARRIVE 2.0

All animal experiments must be reported in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) and comply with CIOMS International Guiding Principles. Authors must:

State the ethical clearance for animal use, including institution, committee name, and approval number
Describe housing, maintenance, and husbandry conditions and applicable licensing guidelines
Apply the 3Rs principle: Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement in experimental design
If ethical clearance was not required, provide a clear written explanation as to why
3. Duties & Responsibilities of Editors
Editorial Standards — Based on COPE Code of Conduct for Editors
1

Editors bear full responsibility for all published articles in ANHJALI and must ensure the quality, accuracy, and ethical soundness of all content.

2

Editors must evaluate manuscripts objectively and without bias, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, political beliefs, race, religion, gender, seniority, or institutional affiliation. Editors must recuse themselves if a conflict of interest is identified.

3

Editors must ensure double-blind review: author identities are not disclosed to reviewers, and reviewer identities are not disclosed to authors throughout the entire review process.

4

Authors must be informed of editorial decisions based on reviewer reports. Feedback must be constructive. Reviewers' offensive or libellous remarks must not be forwarded.

5

Confidentiality of all submitted manuscripts is guaranteed by all editorial board members and staff. Unpublished manuscripts must not be shared or discussed outside the editorial process.

6

If misconduct, disputed authorship, or ethical violations are suspected, editors must follow the relevant COPE flowcharts as their primary reference for decision-making.

7

The publisher does not interfere with editorial decisions. The publisher's role is solely to support timely publication and provide the infrastructure for the editorial process.

4. Duties & Responsibilities of Reviewers
Reviewer Standards — Based on COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers
1

Reviewers must be alert to ethical issues in the manuscript, including possible research misconduct, data manipulation, plagiarism, and redundant publication.

2

Reviewers must notify editors promptly if they are unable to complete the review within the agreed timeframe, to allow reassignment without delay.

3

Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality of all submitted manuscripts. They must not share, cite, or utilize manuscript content before publication without explicit editor permission.

4

Reviewers must decline the review invitation if they have a conflict of interest with the authors, competing interests, or prior knowledge of the manuscript's content.

5

Reviews must be objective, constructive, and evidence-based. Personal criticism of the author is not appropriate. Reviewers must clearly justify recommendations with reference to the manuscript's content.

5. Duties & Responsibilities of Authors
Author Standards — ICMJE Authorship Criteria & COPE Guidelines
1

Authorship — ICMJE Criteria

All listed authors must meet all four ICMJE authorship criteria: (a) substantial contribution to conception/design or data acquisition/analysis; (b) drafting or critically revising the article; (c) final approval of the version to be published; (d) accountability for all aspects of the work.

2

Originality & Prior Publication

Authors confirm that the manuscript has not been previously published and is not currently under review elsewhere. Duplicate or redundant publication is a violation of publication ethics and will result in immediate rejection and retraction where applicable.

3

Plagiarism & Self-Plagiarism

Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are strictly prohibited. All manuscripts are screened for similarity. A similarity index of <20% is required (excluding references). Proper citation of all referenced works is mandatory. Submitted manuscripts must include a plagiarism check report.

4

"Salami" Publication — Prohibited

Dividing a single study into multiple separate publications ("salami slicing") to artificially increase publication count is strictly prohibited and constitutes a serious breach of publication ethics.

5

Data Integrity

Authors must retain and be able to provide original raw data upon reasonable request from editors or reviewers. Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data constitutes research misconduct and may lead to retraction and reporting to the authors' institution.

6

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

All financial interests, commercial affiliations, consulting fees, research funding sources, intellectual property, or other potential conflicts of interest must be declared using the ICMJE Disclosure Form at the time of submission. Failure to disclose is a violation of ethical standards.

7

Acknowledgements & Funding

All funding sources, grants, and institutional support must be acknowledged in the manuscript. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet full authorship criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgements section.

6. Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Generative AI Policy
 
ANHJALI Policy on AI-Generated Content

This policy is aligned with the positions of COPE (2023), ICMJE (2023), WAME (2023), and the broader scholarly publishing community. ANHJALI requires full transparency in the use of any AI or AI-assisted tools throughout the research and writing process.

Effective Date: 2024 — Applies to all submissions to ANHJALI

This policy will be updated as AI technologies evolve and as guidance from COPE, ICMJE, and WAME is refined.

 
AI Cannot Be Listed as an Author

AI tools such as ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot, or any other large language model (LLM) cannot be listed as an author on any manuscript submitted to ANHJALI. This is because:

AI cannot take accountability for published work
AI cannot provide informed consent for publication
AI does not meet ICMJE authorship criteria
AI cannot confirm the accuracy and integrity of the content it generates
 
AI Use Must Be Disclosed

If AI tools are used in any part of the research or manuscript preparation, full disclosure is mandatory. Authors bear full responsibility for all AI-generated content.

Required disclosure statement (example):
"[Tool name, version] was used in the preparation of this manuscript for [specific purpose: e.g., language editing, literature search assistance, data visualization]. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-generated content and accept full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work."
Detailed Rules for AI Use in Research & Writing
PERMITTED

Language Editing & Grammar Checking

AI tools (e.g., Grammarly, DeepL, ChatGPT) may be used to improve language clarity, grammar, and style, provided all content is reviewed, verified, and approved by the human authors. The tool and its use must be disclosed.

PERMITTED

Literature Search Assistance

AI tools may assist in identifying relevant literature. However, all cited references must be individually verified by the authors for accuracy and existence. AI-hallucinated or fabricated references must not be submitted.

PERMITTED

Data Analysis & Visualization Tools

AI-assisted statistical or image analysis tools may be used provided the methods are clearly described in the Methods section, including the tool name, version, and specific application.

PROHIBITED

AI-Generated Text Without Substantial Human Authorship

Manuscripts where the scientific content, analysis, discussion, or conclusions are substantially generated by AI with minimal human intellectual input are not acceptable. The intellectual and scientific core of the manuscript must originate from the human authors.

PROHIBITED

AI-Generated Images & Figures

AI-generated images, photomicrographs, histological figures, or any visual data must not be used to represent real experimental or clinical findings. Any use of AI image generation for illustrative (non-data) purposes must be explicitly disclosed and labelled.

PROHIBITED

Undisclosed AI Use

Failure to disclose the use of AI tools — whether for writing, analysis, or image generation — is considered a breach of publication ethics equivalent to misrepresentation of methods, and may result in rejection or retraction.

7. Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern
 
Correction (Erratum)

Published for honest errors that do not affect conclusions. Authors must promptly notify the editorial office. A correction notice is appended to the original article.

 
Retraction

Issued when major errors, data fabrication/falsification, plagiarism, or ethical violations invalidate the findings. ANHJALI follows COPE Retraction Guidelines. Retracted articles remain visible with a clear retraction notice.

 
Expression of Concern

Published when editors have significant concerns about research conduct or data reliability but evidence is inconclusive. Investigations are conducted following COPE guidelines before a final decision.

 
Post-Publication Revision

For minor corrections that do not affect scientific validity. The original published version is retained in the record and the revision is clearly dated and documented.

8. Research Misconduct & Sanctions

The following are considered serious violations of research and publication ethics. Confirmed cases will result in manuscript rejection or retraction, notification of the authors' institution, and potential reporting to relevant professional bodies:

Data fabrication or falsification
Plagiarism (including self-plagiarism)
Duplicate/redundant publication
"Salami" slicing of results
Ghost or gift authorship
Undisclosed conflicts of interest
Manipulation of peer review process
Undisclosed AI-generated content
Ethics violation in human/animal research

All suspected cases of misconduct are handled strictly in accordance with COPE flowcharts. ANHJALI is committed to protecting the integrity of the scientific record.

Report an ethical concern?

If you have concerns about the ethical conduct of research, authorship, or peer review in a manuscript published or under review in ANHJALI, please contact the Editor-in-Chief directly. All reports are treated with strict confidentiality.